DSpace コレクション: 2018年度博士論文

A Sensitive and Time-Saving Method for the Diagnosis of Drowning by Multiplex PCR.

2019-07-18T08:01:39Z

タイトル: A Sensitive and Time-Saving Method for the Diagnosis of Drowning by Multiplex PCR. 著者: Nakanishi, Mari; Nakayama, Akifumi; Kasuda, Shogo; Kudo, Risa; Yuui, Katsuya; Ishitani, Akiko; Hatake, Katsuhiko 抄録: For diagnosing death due to drowning, the method of acid digestion of diatoms is widely used to detect plankton in the organs of the corpse. However, the method is limited by its　being complex, hazardous, time-consuming, and insufficiently sensitive. We therefore, developed a novel simple method to diagnose death due to drowning, and determined the location of drowning by detecting genes of representative bacteria in the environment. To procure all the information in one step, the multiplex PCR method was designed. For the diagnosis of drowning, the genes of upper respiratory indigenous bacteria, Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus sanguinis were used as indicators. For detection of the location of drowning, Aeromonas hydrophila and Microcystis aeruginosa were used as indicators of freshwater, and Vibrio harveyi as an indicator of seawater. A set of primers was designed for multiplex PCR. to amplify all the bacterial genes simultaneously. Using this method, 47 cases of drowning were examined, and the causes and locations of death were diagnosed. 内容記述: 博士（医学）・乙第1428号・平成31年3月15日

Emicizumab, the bispecific antibody to factors IX/IXa and X/Xa, potentiates coagulation function in factor XI-deficient plasma in vitro.

2020-08-13T16:30:07Z

タイトル: Emicizumab, the bispecific antibody to factors IX/IXa and X/Xa, potentiates coagulation function in factor XI-deficient plasma in vitro. 著者: Minami, Hiroaki; Nogami, Keiji; Yada, Koji; Ogiwara, Kenichi; Furukawa, Shoko; Soeda, Tetsuhiro; Kitazawa, Takehisa; Shima, Midori 抄録: Essentials Emicizumab mimics factor (F)VIIIa cofactor function, augments the intrinsic tenase activity. We assessed the emicizumab-driven hemostatic function in FXI-deficient plasmas. Emicizumab improved the coagulation potentials in severe FXI-deficient plasma. Emicizumab may provide a possibility for clinical application in patients with FXI deficiency. SUMMARY: Background Patients with factor (F)XI deficiency commonly present with markedly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin times (APTT), although bleeding phenotypes are heterogeneous. Emicizumab, a bispecific monoclonal antibody to FIX/FIXa and FX/FXa, mimics FVIIIa cofactor function on phospholipid (PL) surfaces. Antibody reactions were designed, therefore, to augment mechanisms during the propagation phase of blood coagulation. Aim To assess emicizumab-driven hemostatic function in FXI-deficient plasmas. Methods and Results Standard ellagic acid (Elg)/PL-based APTTs of different FXI-deficient plasmas (n = 13; FXI activity, < 1 IU dl-1 ) were markedly shortened dose dependently by the presence of emicizumab. To further analyze the effects of emicizumab, clot waveform analysis (CWA) in FXI-deficient plasmas with emicizumab, triggered by tissue factor (TF)/Elg demonstrated improvements in both clot times, reflecting the initiation phase, and coagulation velocity, which represents the propagation phase. Emicizumab also enhanced the TF/Elg-triggered thrombin generation in FXI-deficient plasmas dose-dependently although the degree of enhancement varied in individual cases. Thrombin generation with either FVII-deficient plasma or FIX-deficient plasma treated with anti-FXI antibody showed little or no increase by the co-presence of emicizumab, suggesting that the accelerated thrombin generation in FXI-deficient plasmas by emicizumab should depend on the FIXa-involved coagulation propagation initially triggered by FVIIa/TF. The ex vivo addition of emicizumab to whole blood from three patients with severe FXI deficiency demonstrated modest, dose-dependent improvements in Ca2+ -triggered thromboelastograms (NATEM mode). Conclusion Emicizumab appeared to improve coagulation function in severe FXI-deficient plasma, and might provide possibilities for clinical application in patients with FXI deficiency. 内容記述: 博士（医学）・乙第1427号・平成31年3月15日; © 2018 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis; This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jth.14334], which has been published in final form at [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jth.14334]. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.

Plaque modification of severely calcified coronary lesions by scoring balloon angioplasty using Lacrosse non-slip element: insights from an optical coherence tomography evaluation.

2020-08-13T04:15:54Z

タイトル: Plaque modification of severely calcified coronary lesions by scoring balloon angioplasty using Lacrosse non-slip element: insights from an optical coherence tomography evaluation. 著者: Sugawara, Yu; Ueda, Tomoya; Soeda, Tsunenari; Watanabe, Makoto; Okura, Hiroyuki; Saito, Yoshihiko 抄録: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for heavily calcified lesions is challenging because these lesions are resistant to balloon dilatation and stenting. Lacrosse non-slip element (NSE) may have the potential to dilate heavily calcified lesions. We aimed to investigate predictors of successful lesion modification using Lacrosse NSE angioplasty via optical coherence tomography (OCT)-guided PCI. We investigated 32 patients with severe target lesion calcification treated with OCT-guided PCI. Successful lesion modification was defined as the complete fracture of calcification after Lacrosse NSE angioplasty. Before PCI, 172 segments with calcification were identified. After pre-dilatation using Lacrosse NSE, successful lesion modification was achieved in 117 segments (68.0%). Calcification was significantly thinner in successfully disrupted segments than in non-disrupted segments (p < 0.001). Calcification angle tended to be larger in disrupted than in non-disrupted segments (p = 0.08). Convex types were less frequently observed in disrupted than in non-disrupted segments (p < 0.001). At minimal lumen area sites, 26 segments (81.3%) were successfully modified. Similar to the overall results, the disrupted group had significantly thinner calcification than the non-disrupted group (p < 0.001). The angle of the calcified plaque was similar between the 2 groups (p = 0.39). Convex-type calcifications were less frequently observed in the disrupted group than in the non-disrupted group (p = 0.05). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that calcification thickness < 565 μm was the best predictor of completely disrupted calcification. The thickness and shape of calcifications were predictors of successful lesion modification after Lacrosse NSE angioplasty. 内容記述: 博士（医学）・乙第1426号・平成31年3月15日; © Japanese Association of Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics 2018; This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Cardiovascular intervention and therapeutics. The final authenticated version is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12928-018-0553-6.

Childhood cancer incidence and survival in Japan and England: A population-based study (1993-2010).

2019-06-20T16:30:08Z

タイトル: Childhood cancer incidence and survival in Japan and England: A population-based study (1993-2010). 著者: Nakata, Kayo; Ito, Yuki; Magadi, Winnie; Bonaventure, Audrey; Stiller, Charles A.; Katanoda, Kota; Matsuda, Tomohiro; Miyashiro, Isao; Pritchard-Jones, Kathy; Rachet, Bernard 抄録: The present study aimed to compare cancer incidence and trends in survival for children diagnosed in Japan and England, using population-based cancer registry data. The analysis was based on 5192 children with cancer (age 0-14 years) from 6 prefectural cancer registries in Japan and 21 295 children diagnosed in England during 1993-2010. Differences in incidence rates between the 2 countries were measured with Poisson regression models. Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Incidence rates for Hodgkin lymphoma, renal tumors and Ewing sarcomas in England were more than twice as high as those in Japan. Incidence of germ cell tumors, hepatic tumors, neuroblastoma and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was higher in Japan than in England. Incidence of all cancers combined decreased in Japan throughout the period 1993 to 2010, which was mainly explained by a decrease in registration of neuroblastoma in infants. For many cancers, 5-year survival improved in both countries. The improvement in survival in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) was particularly dramatic in both countries. However, 5-year survival remained less than 80% in 2005-2008 in both countries for AML, brain tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, malignant bone tumors and neuroblastoma (age 1-14 years). There were significant differences in incidence of several cancers between countries, suggesting variation in genetic susceptibility and possibly environmental factors. The decrease in incidence for all cancers combined in Japan was related to the cessation of the national screening program for neuroblastoma. The large improvement in survival in CML coincided with the introduction of effective therapy (imatinib). 内容記述: 博士（医学）・乙第1425号・平成31年3月15日; © 2017 The Authors. Cancer Science published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Cancer Association.; This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.